Overview:

They are growth of abnormal cells within the salivary glands. We have 3 pairs of salivary glands behind and under our jaw- parotid, submandibular & sublingual. They can be either benign(non cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They are rare.

Types : Parotid Tumors

• Submandibular tumors
• Sublingual tumors

Risk factors associated with salivary gland tumors :

• Tobacco- consumption of pan, pan masala, gutka, masheri, smoking of beedi, cigarettes is a leading cause
• Prior history of radiation exposure
• Environmental / occupational exposure to sawdust and chemicals used in leather, pesticide and industrial solvents
• Sometimes oral cancer can spread to the submandibular or sublingual glands

Symptoms:

Painless lump in the face,neck or mouth

Numbness in the face

Muscle weakness in one side of the face

Difficulty in chewing, speaking, swallowing or moving the tongue

Persistent pain in the area of salivary gland

Difficulty in opening the mouth

How do diagnose salivary gland tumors?

• Physical examination by a trained oncologist is the first step
• Ultrasound of the affected area with ultrasound guided FNAC or biopsy
• CT or MRI scan also can be asked for in certain cases.

Treatment for Salivary Gland Tumors:

• Surgery is usually the recommended first line treatment for all salivary gland of tumors. It may include removal of affected portion of the gland/ complete removal of the gland with or without removal of lymph nodes in neck and reconstructive surgery
• Robotic surgery can be done in selected cases
• Radiation Therapy – in selected cases
• Chemotherapy, Targeted therapy & Immunotherapy- in select cases

Understanding these aspects of parotid tumors can help individuals recognize the importance of risk factors, early detection, and timely treatment. Regular check-ups and seeking medical attention for any suspicious symptoms can aid in effective management and improved outcomes.