Overview:

The parathyroids are small glands located near the thyroid in the neck. They play an important role in regulating hormones in the body. These glands make parathormone( PTH) which regulated the level of calcium and phosphorus in the blood. A parathyroid tumor is a growth inside a parathyroid gland. Most parathyroid tumors are not cancer (benign). Parathyroid cancers are very rare.

A parathyroid tumor, whether it is benign or malignant, can cause significant problems because this type of tumor increases the amount of calcium in your blood. This is called hypercalcemia and can have life threatening symptoms sometimes.

Risk Factors:

• Radiation exposure to the head & neck
• Certain inherited conditions like multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 & 2
• Family history of parathyroid tumors

Symptoms:

Usually caused by hypercalcemia. They may include

• Bony aches & pains
• Kidney problems including kidney stones and pain in the upper back
• Depression
• Nausea, Vomitting
• Loss of appetite
• Constipation
• Malaise, fatigue
• Insomnia, confusion
• Lump in the neck

How do you diagnose parathyroid cancer?

• Blood or urine tests: These can detect high levels of calcium or parathyroid hormone in your body.
• Imaging tests:These include X-rays, ultrasound, CT scans, and MRIs. They can help find out the size of the tumor.
• Sestamibi/SPECT scan: This test can show if you have an overactive parathyroid gland. A parathyroid tumor will absorb the material, and the tumor will be visible on an x-ray of the neck.

How is a parathyroid tumor treated?

• Surgery is the best and most common form of treatment. The goal is to remove as much of the tumor as possible
• Radiation: This kills the cancer cells and helps keep them from growing and spreading.
• Chemotherapy

Early detection and proper diagnosis are crucial for effective treatment of parathyroid tumors. If you experience any symptoms or have concerns about your parathyroid health, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for evaluation and appropriate management.